RSICC CODE PACKAGE CCC-778

1.             NAME AND TITLE

PHITS-2.24, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System.

 

AUXILIARY PROGRAMS included in the distribution:

PHITS Station:        JAVA application for executing PHITS2 on Windows PC.

ANGEL:                 graphic software to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries.

RELATED DATA LIBRARY

FSXLIB-J40:           point-wise neutron reaction cross section data library (E<20MeV) in the Ace format based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 4 (JENDL-4).

2.             CONTRIBUTORS

Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden through the through the OECD NEA Data Bank, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.

 

3.             CODING LANGUAGE AND COMPUTER

FORTRAN77, PC running Windows and Linux (C00778MNYCP00).

4.             NATURE OF PROBLEM SOLVED

PHITS2 can deal with the transport of all particles (nucleons, nuclei, mesons, photons, and electrons) over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models and nuclear data libraries (Iwase et al 2002, Niita et al 2006, Sihver et al 2010 and Niita et al 2010). Geometrical configuration of the simulation can be set with GG (General Geometry) or CG (Combinatorial Geometry). Various quantities such as heat deposition, track length and production yields can be deduced from the simulation, using implemented estimator functions called "tally". The code also has a function to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries, using a code ANGEL.

The physical processes included in PHITS2 can be divided into two categories, transport process and collision process. In the transport process, PHITS2 can simulate motion of particles under external fields such as magnetic and gravity. Without the external fields, neutral particles move along a straight trajectory with constant energy up to the next collision point. However, charge particles interact many times with electrons in the material losing energy and changing direction. PHITS2 treats ionization processes not as collision but as a transport process, using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The average stopping power is given by the charge density of the material and the momentum of the particle taking into account the fluctuations of the energy loss and the angular deviation.

In the collision process, PHITS2 can simulate the elastic and inelastic interactions as well as decay of particles. The total reaction cross section, or the life time of the particle is an essential quantity in the determination of the mean free path of the transport particle. According to the mean free path, PHITS2 chooses the next collision point using the Monte Carlo method. To generate the secondary particles of the collision, we need the information of the final states of the collision. For neutron induced reactions in low energy region, PHITS2 employs the cross sections from evaluated nuclear data libraries. For high energy neutrons and other particles, we have incorporated two models, JAM (Nara et al 1999) and JQMD (Niita et al 1995) to simulate the particle induced reactions up to 200 GeV and the nucleus-nucleus collisions, respectively.

The special features of PHITS2 are the event generator mode (Iwamoto et al 2007) and the microdosimetric function (Sato et al 2009). Owing to the event generator mode, PHITS2 can determine the profiles of all secondary particles generated from a single nuclear interaction even using nuclear data libraries, taking the momentum and energy conservations into account. The microdosimetric function gives the probability densities of deposition energy in microscopic sites such as lineal energy y and specific energy z, using the mathematical model developed based on the results of the track structure simulation. These features are very important for various purposes such as the estimations of soft-error rates of semi-conductor devices induced by neutrons, and relative biological effectiveness of charged particles.

5.             METHOD OF SOLUTION

The Monte Carlo method is used.

6.             RESTRICTIONS OR LIMITATIONS

PHITS2 cannot be used for microscopic track-structure simulation, since PHITS2 adopts the continuous-slowing-down approximation for the ionization process of charged particle. The electron, positron and photon transport functions are available only when users obtained the data libraries for those particles by themselves, i.e. electron, positron and photon data libraries are not included in this package. The lepton induced nuclear reactions are disregarded except for the giant resonance induced by low-energy photon.

7.             TYPICAL RUNNING TIME

The running time depends on the case and the calculation parameters.  The sample problems took only a few seconds to run.

8.             COMPUTER HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

None stated. 

9.             COMPUTER SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Windows or Linux Operating System, with a Fortran77 compiler installed.

10.          REFERENCES

a.) Included Documentation:

Koji Niita, Norihiro Matsuda, Yosuke Iwamoto, Hiroshi Iwase, Tatsuhiko Sato,
Hiroshi Nakashima,Yukio Sakamoto And Lembit Sihver: PHITS: Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, Version 2.23 (October, 2010, JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022).

Koji Niita: ANGEL Ver. 4.31 User's Manual.

 

b.) Background Reference:

John- - Y. Iwamoto, K. Niita, Y. Sakamoto, T. Sato and N. Matsuda: "Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application" International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata: 07417 (2007)

H. Iwase, K. Niita, T. Nakamura: "Development of general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code", J. Nucl. Sci. and Technol. 39, 1142 (2002).

Y. Nara, N. Otuka, A. Ohnishi, K. Niita, S. Chiba: "Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model", Phys. Rev. C61, 024901 (1999).

K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, L. Sihver: "PHITS- a particle and heavy ion transport code system", Radiation Measurements 41, 1080 (2006).

K. Niita, S. Chiba, T. Maruyama, H. Takada, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakahara and A. Iwamoto: "Analysis of the (N,xN') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model", Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995)

T. Sato, Y. Kase, R. Watanabe, K. Niita and L. Sihver: "Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model", Radiat. Res. 171, 107-117 (2009)

L. Sihver, T. Sato, K. Gustafsson, D. Mancusi, H. Iwase, K. Niita, H. Nakashima, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Iwamoto and N. Matsuda: "An update about recent developments of the PHITS code" Adv. Space Res. 45, 892-899 (2010).

K. Shibata, O. Iwamoto, T. Nakagawa, N. Iwamoto, A. Ichihara, S. Kunieda, S. Chiba, K. Furutaka, N. Otuka, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, A. Zukeran, S. Kamada and J. Katakura: "JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering", to be published to J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

K. Okumura et.al. "The Libraries FSXLIB and MATXSLIB based on JENDL-4.0" to be appeared in JAEA-Data/Code (2010).

 

11.          CONTENTS OF CODE PACKAGE

 

The package is transmitted on CD including the referenced documents, example problems, and source code.

12.          DATE OF ABSTRACT

April 2011.

KEYWORDS:             MONTE CARLO, HEAVY IONS, NUCLEAR STRUCTURE DATA, NUCLIDE TRANSPORT